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shall / will
+
infinitive
|
表示即将发生或预见将要发生的事情，或者表示将来行动的意图，不过这种意图不是事先考虑过的，而是说话时才考虑到的将来动作。
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You will come back, won’t you?
I shall do everything to help you.
---This is a terribly heavy box.
---I’ll help you to carry it. (NOT be going to v.)
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be going to
+
infinitive
|
表示对最近的将来或将来行动的打算，意图，侧重于计划好、考虑过的将来动作；或者表示有迹象表明即将发生的事情。
|
Is he going to lecture in English?
I’m going to explore the neighborhood.
I think it is going to snow.
---Why are you taking down all the pictures?
---I’m going to repair the room.
(NOT will + infinitive)
|
|
be +
v-ing
|
表示按“计划”或“安排”即将发生的动作，通常是决定好了的、不可更改的将来动作；或用于位移动词，如go, come,leave, arrive 等。
|
I am taking an exam in October.
The plane is taking off at 15:20.
How are you going? ---by boat or by train?
We are leaving on Friday.
|
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the
simple
present
|
一般现在时在条件、时间状语从句中表示将来动作。一般现在时也可以表示按时间表将要发生的动作，但一般适用于表示位置移动或起始的动词，如：go, come, leave, arrive, sail,return, begin, start, end, open, close 等
|
We will start as soon as you are ready.
If you leave at six tomorrow morning
you’d better go to bed now.
I leave tonight.
The film begins at 8:00.
We get off at the next stop.
|
|
be to
+
infinitive
|
表示按日程、计划、安排将要发生的动作，但非人们主观所能安排和控制的将来动作不能用be to 结构。例如：It’s going to rain. 不能说：it’s to rain.
|
Tom’s birthday party is to be held next Saturday.
I am to meet my parents at the airport this afternoon.
The new road is to be opened to traffic on May Day.
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